Interview: The truth and myths about Myasthenia Gravis disorder

Myasthenia Gravis (MG) is a disorder that affects muscles and nerves, causing difficulty in speaking and swallowing, weakness in the arms and legs, among other symptoms. In this interview, Western Post Correspondent, Mosunmola Ayobami, spoke with a general practitioner, Dr. Femi Aiyemowa, on its causes, symptoms, and management. Excerpts:

What is Myasthenia Gravis disorder all about?

Myasthenia Gravis (MG) is a condition where muscles become easily tired and weak due to a problem with how nerves stimulate muscles to contract. The muscles around the eyes are commonly affected first, causing drooping eyelids and double vision. Treatment is usually effective, but relapses are common, and many people with MG experience long-term difficulties with daily activities.

People with MG have a fault in the way nerve messages are passed from the nerves to the muscles. As a result, the muscles are not stimulated properly, do not contract well, and become easily tired and weak.

What part of the body does it affect?

Myasthenia Gravis primarily affects muscles that control voluntary movements, including:

• Eyes and eyelids – causing drooping
• Facial muscles – leading to difficulty in speaking and swallowing
• Arms and legs – causing weakness
• Respiratory muscles – in severe cases

What are the symptoms of Myasthenia Gravis?

Symptoms of MG vary but may include:

• Drooping eyelids
• Double vision
• Difficulty swallowing
• Slurred speech
• Weakness in the arms, legs, or neck
• Shortness of breath (in severe cases)
• Muscle weakness that worsens with activity and improves with rest

Is MG hereditary?

Myasthenia Gravis is generally not inherited. It is an autoimmune disorder, meaning the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks itself. However, in rare cases, some genetic factors may contribute to a predisposition for developing the disease.

How much do people know about Myasthenia Gravis in Nigeria?

Awareness of Myasthenia Gravis in Nigeria is relatively low compared to other, more common diseases. Many cases go undiagnosed due to limited knowledge among the general public and some healthcare providers. Advocacy and education are increasing, but many people still struggle to get a proper diagnosis and treatment.

Can Myasthenia Gravis be cured?

There is no known cure for MG, but it can be managed effectively with treatment. Common treatments include:

• Medications – such as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors like pyridostigmine
• Corticosteroids and immunosuppressants – to control the immune response
• Plasmapheresis and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) – for severe cases
• Thymectomy – surgical removal of the thymus gland in some cases

Who is more prone to having Myasthenia Gravis?

MG can affect anyone, but it is more common in:

• Women under 40 and men over 60
• People with other autoimmune diseases
• Individuals with a history of thymus gland abnormalities

Are there myths about this disorder?

Yes, there are several myths and misconceptions about MG, including:

• “It is just general fatigue.” – In reality, MG is a serious neuromuscular condition.
• “Only old people get it.” – MG can affect people of all ages.
• “It is just laziness and an excuse.” – MG causes real muscle weakness and is not due to laziness.
• “There is no treatment.” – While there is no cure, treatment can help patients live normal lives.
• “It’s contagious.” – MG is an autoimmune disease and cannot be spread from person to person.

What advice do you have for people on Myasthenia Gravis?

My advice to people with this condition will be for them to do the following:

• Seek early diagnosis if you notice persistent muscle weakness.
• Follow your doctor’s recommendations and take prescribed medications as directed.
• Avoid stress and overexertion, as these can worsen symptoms.
• Eat a healthy diet and ensure safe swallowing if you have difficulty.
• Educate others about the condition to help increase awareness.